A secluded nation, once part of the Soviet Union, is displaying indicators of increased readiness for visitor influx.
Turkmenistan, a country largely covered by desert (approximately 80%), is known for its unique charm and attractions that draw visitors from around the globe. The capital city, Ashgabat, is a testament to this, offering a blend of modern architecture and historic sites that make it an architectural wonder and a popular destination on social media.
Ashgabat is adorned with golden statues and white marble, with structures designed to resemble their government functions, such as the Ministry of Oil & Gas building shaped like a giant lighter. The city is also home to the world's largest indoor Ferris wheel and a colossal horse head that hovers above the national stadium.
The indoor Russian Bazaar in Ashgabat offers samples of caviar harvested from Turkmenistan's slice of the Caspian Sea, adding to the culinary scene's surprising good quality, which boasts a blend of Persian and Central Asian influences.
However, Turkmenistan has a reputation for being one of the globe's most isolated countries, with a legacy dating back to the 1990s. Some observers believe that the move to simplify its visa approvals process and increase tourism is part of Turkmenistan's overall strategy to boost its foreign exchange reserves, following the success of tourism in neighboring countries like Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
Visa Regulations
As of mid-2025, Turkmenistan still requires all tourists to obtain visas prior to entry, except for a limited visa-on-arrival option. Visitors must present a certified invitation letter to be eligible for a visa on arrival at Ashgabat Airport. All foreign visitors must pay mandatory entry fees, including a $14 migration fee and approximately $2 per day tourism tax.
In April 2025, Turkmenistan's president approved legislation to introduce an electronic visa (e-visa) system that will allow travelers to apply online without the need for an invitation letter. This new e-visa system aims to simplify visa procedures and encourage more tourism, but it has not yet been implemented as of July 2025.
Until the e-visa system is operational, the previous strict visa and entry requirements remain in effect. The LOI requirement would reportedly vanish under the new regulations, but visitors would still need a "sponsor" in Turkmenistan.
Sites to Visit
Beyond Ashgabat, Turkmenistan offers ancient Silk Road cities with historic mosques and minarets that offer a dramatic contrast to the modern architecture. The country has multiple UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa near Ashgabat, the sprawling ruins of Merv in eastern Turkmenistan, and the grand mosque, tombs, and minaret at Kunya-Urgench in the far north.
The Darvaza Gas Crater, located in the Karakum Desert, is a major attraction in Turkmenistan, created during the Soviet era when a natural gas exploration rig collapsed into a sinkhole. Although the crater is running out of gas and may flame out completely in coming years, it remains a spectacle to behold.
The Turkmen people are warm and welcoming, given the infrequent encounters with foreign visitors. Erika Fatland, a Norwegian writer and anthropologist, describes Ashgabat as one of the weirdest capitals she has ever visited, but the country's unique charm and hospitality make it a must-visit destination for any travel enthusiast.
[1] Source: Travel.State.Gov
Note: This article provides an overview of the current and upcoming visa regulations in Turkmenistan. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, please refer to the official travel advisories from your country's government.
As of July 2025, while Turkmenistan is yet to implement its e-visa system, travelers visiting the country must adhere to the previous visa and entry requirements, which include obtaining a visa before entry, presenting a certified invitation letter for a visa on arrival at Ashgabat Airport, and paying mandatory entry fees. [1]
Traveling to Turkmenistan provides an opportunity to experience a unique blend of modern architecture and historic sites, especially in its capital city Ashgabat, and to explore ancient Silk Road cities, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and the Darvaza Gas Crater, making it an attractive lifestyle destination for travel enthusiasts. [1]
